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The Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), Barclays and Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS) and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) were all in the top ten.
Leading banks, notably HBOS, Barclays and RBS were now in great di?
HBOS launched a �4 billion rights issue in July in an e?
The setback left HBOS dependent on the increasingly sclerotic wholesale banking market, especially in the USA, which it had already drawn on for support earlier in the year.
It proved close to impossible to repeat this after the collapse of Lehmans: on 16 September the price of HBOS shares collapsed, losing 33 per cent of their value in a single day.152 The government drafted in the smaller Lloyds TSB group, hoping that a rapid merger might rescue HBOS by increasing its capital, creating a giant bank holding 33 per cent of all UK mortgages.153 The merger went ahead but HBOS's liabilities were so large that the rescue failed: by early October it was borrowing �16 billion per night just in order to survive into the following day.154 Barclays, rumoured to be highly exposed to bad debts in the USA, also attempted an unsuccessful rights issue but in November 2008 managed to secure funding from Abu Dhabi and Qatar.
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